Tile-machine.



No. 141,078. PATBNTBD 00T.. 1s. 1903. W. A. sTRoUss &. s. s. LAWSON.

TILE MAGHINB. APPLIATION FILED APR. 29, 1903.

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N0 MUDEL.

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No. 741,078. PATENTD 00T. 1s, 1903. W. A. sTRoUss L s. s. LAWSON.

T ILE MACHINE.

APPLIUATIYON FILE'D APB.. 29, i903.

N0 MODEL. l I 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 741,078. y PATENTED 00T. 13, 1903. W. A. sTRoUss @L s. s.' LAWSON. TILE MACHINE.

APYLIUATION FILED APR. Z9, 1903.

N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES '.latented October 13,19OS1.

yWILLIAM A. STROUSS, OF BELLEVUE, AND SHERMAN S. LAWSON, AVALON, PENNSYLVANIA.

TlLEi-MACHlNE.

SPECIFICATIONformingpart of ,Letters Patent No. 741,078, dated October 13, 1903.

' Application filed April 29, 1903. Serial No. 15L8076. (N9 model.)

To @ZZ tch-0m, it ntay concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM ASTROUSS,` residing at Bellevue,` and SHERMAN S. LAW- SON, residing at Avalon, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania', citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tile-Machines; and we do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures ot reference marked thereon, which' form a partot` this specification. A

Our invention relates to tile-machines, and has for its object the production ofapparatus to be used in connection with a suitable press for forming-hollow tiles from plastic material and adapted to cut tiles of predetermined length from the main plastic body by means of cutter mechanism brought into action by the regular expressed iiow of the plastic and caused thereby to move while severing each vtile/ at the same rateof speed and in the same direction as the plastic flow, and in a subsequent stage of the operation to effect the external ornamentation of each tile through the Vagency of devices actuated by the driving power of the machine, which is applied Without stopping the regular ilowof. the plastic vand while each severed tile is tem- 'porarily at rest. 'i

To accomplish the objects stated, we employ the mechanical parts fashioned and associated as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure l is a side view of our invention as a whole, and Fig. 2 represents a top plan view. Fig. 3 is a cross-section upon the line m c ci' vtheiirst figure, showing the drivingbelt and gearing operating the ornamenting die-plates. Fig. 4 is a front View of the inner end 'portion of' the vertically-acting crossheads, and Fig. 5 is a side View of the same end. Fig. 6'is a side View of the horizontally-moving cross-heads and operating-cam located on the far side of the machine; and

Fig. '7 a top View, parilyin section, of theV like horizontally-moving cross-head on the near side and showing one of the pivoted `Vhollow tile.

- wings placed in the path of the plastic flow.

Fig. 8 represents an endview of one of the ornamenting die-plates, showing the attached cam and the contiguous operating eccentric and shaft. Fig. 9 is a fractional side view of the reciprocating cross-heads, showing the gear-wheel and its projecting wrist-pin engaging the horizontal slot of the verticallymoving cross-head and showing also one of the duplicate heads of the cutter-wire engagl ing Yslots in both cross-heads; and Fig. l0 represents a vertical cross-section on line Y Y of the ninth figure. Fig. 1l is a front View of the twin wings when closed. Fig. 12 is a view of the mechanism'situated at the righthand end of the machine in the irst two figures. The View shows thatfaceor front of the mechanism which is presented .toward the ornamenting devices and illustrates the relative positions of the elements actuating the cutter-wire and their supports on both sides of the machine.

The scale of drawings is slightly increased in all the figures after the second.

Like numbers refer tolike parts in the several views.'

Considering the drawings, numeral l designates any suitable base or bed-plate for the machine, upon which is placed any chosen die expressing-machine capable of forming As such mechanism constitutes no part of myinvention, it is omitted to avoid mere multiplication of views, and its 'discharge-pipe 2 only is shown. Through the pipe 2 is expressed plastic material in the shape of a hollow tube, which may be rectangular in cross-section or polygonal or annular. Thus formed the plastic is received upon a lcore 3, horizontally supported and movable in the guides 4, upheld by standards 5, erected upon the bed-plate.

' In Figs. l and 2 numerals @mark vertical guide-frames the oftice of which is to direct the up-and-down .movement of vertically-acting cross-heads 7 7. (See also Figs. 4 and 5.) There are two of these vertically-actin g crossheads and guiding-frames, one on each side of the discharge-pipe 2 of the tile-machine. Each cross-head possesses an upright extension 8 near one end, provided at the top with a horizontally-disposed pivoted strike 9,which tilts when any obstacle meets its inner extremity from above, but cannot be tilted by a force from below. Each cross-head has also the vertical guide-grooves 10 at the sides,which engage the guide-frames 6 6, and a relatively long transverse horizontal slot 11 and a parallel short slot 12 above it, to be again mentioned. At the bottom of each cross-head 7 and situated usually near the guide-groove 10is a second strike, 13, which is movable oppositely to the strike 9 first described-that is to say, an obstacle meeting the under side of the inner end of strike 13 tilts it upwardly and passes by it; but any pressure from above cannot tilt it. The office of the strikes and the reason for the arrangement of them just set forth will be explained later herein.

Cross-heads 7 7 are given an up-and-down movement in the guides 6 6 by means of the wrist-pins 14 (see Figs. 9 and 10) engaging the slots 11. Pins 14 project from the larger gears 15, of which there are two, revoluble on gudgeon-shafts 16, fixed in the uprights or standards 17, situated one on each side of the discharge-outlet 2, as shown in Fig. 2. Larger gears 15 are meshed with the smaller gears 18 on the transverse shaft 19, journaled in the uprights 17. These smaller gears are onehalf the diameter of gears 15, and turn, therefore, twice to one revolution of the larger gears. The larger gears receive power from the smaller gears, which are themselves driven and deprived of power by means of the fixed belt-pulley 2O and loose pulley 21, belt 22 leading to any chosen source of power, and the belt-shifter 23, (see Fig. 2,) which will be further referred to. There are also two horizontally-moving cross-heads in our invention, (designated by number 24.) As in the case of the first-described cross-heads, they are duplicates. Their construction is best shown in Fig. 6. Each will be seen'to possess the end block 25, grooved horizontally and engaging the horizontal guides 26 of the guide-frames 27, of which, asin the former instance, there are two, situated one on each side of discharge outlet 2. (See also Fig. 2.) Each cross-head 24 has a vertical slot 28, a forwardprojecting portion 29, provided with a rectangular slot 30, and two vertically-disposed tubular sleeves or terminals 3l and 32, which allow a vertical rod to pass upwardly through them and to hinge to the cross-head one wing 33 ofthe twin wings by means of its tubular terminal 34. (See also Fig. 7.) It will be noted that the forward-projecting portion 29 of each horizontally-acting cross-.head 24 bears a latch 35, rocking on a pivot-pin 36 and having at one end the right-angled recess 37 and being also provided with the two lugs 3S and 39, jutting outwardly on each sideof the pivot-pin 36. At its lower part each crosshead 24 is supplied with a depending portion 40, and to the rear cross-head, which is the upper one in Fig. 2, at the lower end of the depending portion one end of the belt-shifter rod 41 is pivotally connected. The other end of the rod is joined to the belt-shifter 23, above mentioned. In Fig. 6 will be observed a cam 42, shown in contact with the pivotal connection between the depending portion of the cross-head and the belt-shifter rod 41. Two cams 42 are fixed on the shaft 19 and turn with the arrow. Therefore the effect is to move the cross-head rearwardly. Belt-shifter 23 is arranged in such manner that the action of cams 42 in moving the cross-heads 24 shifts belt 22 from the fixed pulley 20 to the loose pulley 2l and at once deprives the machine of driving power. Conversely, a forward movement of the cross-head 24 throws belt 22 upon the fixed pulley and starts the machinery. We will now explain in what manner the forward movement of the horizontally-acting cross-heads is brought about.

We have above referred to a wing 33 as one of'two like parts. The fellow wing is marked 43, and when both wings are closed, as illustrated in Figs. 2, 1l, and 12, they rest in a common vertical plane directly in the path of the expressed plastic flow. To each wing there is attached an arc 44. One extremity of the arc is suitably and rigidly connected with the wing, thus causing the arc to project lin a horizontal plane, and it will be seen in Fig. 7 that the arcs pass through the rectangular slots 30'in the forward portions 29 of cross-heads 24. As already explained, the wings are pivotally hinged to the cross-heads 24, and the center of the circle of which arcs 44 form parts is the center of swing of the wings. It is believed to be clear, therefore, that when the wings are moved the arcs move also through the rectangular slots. Each arc is provided with a recess 45, (see Fig. 7,) and the inner end of each latch 35 being the heavier when the arc passes sufficiently through the slot 30 to bring recess 45 beneath the latch it falls into it and locks the arc, and consequently the wing, against a return movement. Let it be assumed that the plastic is moving from discharge-outlet 2. It will presentlyreach the two Wings latched directly across its path and cause them, and consequently the horizontally-acting cross-heads 24,to move forward. Now this forward movement of the cross-heads by drawing on belt-shifter rod 4l actuates belt-shifter 23, rotates shaft 19, and revolves the gears. Cross-heads 7 7 are brought downwardly,

-and as the parts of our invention are arranged the upper strikes 9 encounter the rear lugs 39 of latches 35 and raise the latches from engagement with the wings, which are then free to open out of the path of the plastic. A revolution of larger gears 15 brings crossheads 24 once down and once up, and on the upward journey the lower strikes 13, acting upon the forward lugs 38 of the latches, set the wings, which have been mechanically closed during the operation, as explained below, again free.

The vertical rods which pivotally hinge the wings and the cross-heads 24 are marked 46.

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`and revoluble rods are placed one on either side of the core 3. By reason of the engagement of cross` pieces 48 and the guide-heads of rods 51 the pivot-rods 46 can be moved forward and rotated simultaneously and communicate only the turning movement to rods 5l. It is this same engagement of cross-pieces and guide-heads that enables the springs 53, coiled about rods 51 at their lower portions and each having one end attached to the rod and one end to the bearing 52, to throw the wings open when the latches are raised, as already explained. The wings must therefore be forcibly closed to the latches against springs 53.

In Fig. 2 it is shown that crank-arms 5s are attached to each of the vertical and revoluble spring-rods 51, and connecting-bars 55 pivotally join the crank-arms and a rocking cross-arm 56, that turns an upright shaft 57, located between the vertical rods 51. On the shaft is a crank-arm 58, pivotally connected with a push-rod 59, leading to the left-hand end of the machine and operated by the bellcrank lever 60, pivotally supported on standard 61, erected upon the bed-plate or base. The office of the bell-crank lever is to close the wings against the springs 53 and enable the latches to catch them, and it is operated intermittently by contact with a pin 62, projecting laterally from a gear-wheel 63, rotatively supported 'beneath core 3. The gear itself has a further office. It meshes with a rack on the under side of core 3 and draws that core from or returns it toward the discharge-outlet 2, according as driving power is applied to the gear in one direction or the other. This reversal of power is effected by the operation of two cams.V One (designated 64.) is fixed upon the shaft of gear 63, and the other is marked 66 and fixed upon the shaft 19, already mentioned. Cam 66, revolving with shaft 19 onthe outside of the upright 17, (see Fig. 1,) strikes the lever 67, pivoted on the outside of the upright and pivotally connected by the belt-shifter rod 68 with the belt-shifter 69. (See Fig. 2.) The belt-shifter rod and also the belt-shifter and relating parts just mentioned are omitted in Fig. 1 to avoid confusing the view. They are believed to be sufficiently illustrated in Fig. 2. In the position shown, belt 70, which is in constant motion, drives the loose pulley 71; but when the belt-shifter 69 is thrown the belt slips upon the middle and fixed pulley 72, which rotates counters'haft 73, andby means of pulley 74, belt 75and pulley 76, fixed upon shaft 65, gear 63 is rotated with the arrow and withdraws the core 3. other hand, cam 64 on shaft 65 as it turns strikes the pivoted lever 77, and the beltshifter rod 78 pivotally connects the'lever 77 with the belt-shifter 79, which throws the belt 80, that constantly drives loose pulley 8l in the position shown, upon the middle and xed pulley 72. The belt 80 when shifted from loose pulley 81 displaces the belt 70, pushing it from fixed pulley 72 back upon' loose pulley 71. As belt 80 runs contrarily to belt 70, opposite rotation is given the gear 63, and the core is returned inwardly toward discharge-outlet 2. A portion of the periphery of the gear 63 is shown to be Without teeth, and by reasonl of this omission the core halts temporarily for a sufficient time to permit the impression of ornamenting-dies set in operation by the mechanism described as follows: Upon the end of shaft 65 lying on the other side of the machine from the parts just described is xed the partly-toothed mitergear 82, meshing with ruiter-gear 83, xed on shaft 84, running lengthwise of the machine, and this shaft passes through bearings in a frame 85, that supports the ornamentingdies. The arrangement of the gearing for operating the ornamenting-dies is best shown inFig. 3. The lowermain gear 86 is fixed upon the longitudinal shaft 84;, and there is also either attached concentrically to gear 86 or independent thereof a pulley-rim 87, about which is the belt 88, that drives the upper main gear 89 by passing around the pulleyrim 90,which has the same center as the upper main gear. main gear 89 is marked 91 and is journaled in the frame 85. There are four counter-shafts, (designated by numbers 92, 93, 94, and 95,) and the pinions 96, 97, 98, and 99 are fixed upon the ends of those shafts meshing with the main gears 86 and 89 and causing the rotation ofthe shafts. By means of the eccentric disks 100, 101, 102, and 103, fixed on the countershafts, the suitably-formed die-plates 104, 105,106, and 107 (see also Fig. 8) are closed in from the four sides and impress their patterns on the faces of the tile. Each die-plate is provided as shown for plate 104C, with the guiding-posts 108 passing through brackets 0n the IOO The shaft supporting the upper IIO IIS

109 and being guided thereby. These brackp ets project toward each other from'the inner surfaces of the ends of frame 85. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) Each post has a head 110, and between these heads and the brackets coilsprings 111 encircle the posts, which springs are compressed when the eccentrics force the die-plates4 inwardly and react to withdraw the plates as the disks retire. While we have shown four die-plates, ornamenting the tile on four sides, it isv thought to be within the scope of our invention to employ any desired-v number of die-plates, greater or less.

ln operation, thel flowing plastic having started the machinery as explained, theA actual cutting of the plastic flow into predeter- IZO IZS

mined lengths is accomplished by the wire 112, (see Figs. 2 and 10,) held at the ends in cylindrical heads 113, which pass through the Vertical slots 28 in the cross-heads 24 and through the horizontal short slots 12 in crossheads 7. The wire is drawn downwardly, cutting through the plastic How, at the same time moving with it at equal speed. A square cut-oft is thus insured, perpendicular to all the faces of the tile. The length of the tile cut off is determined by the distance between the plane of the closed wingsand the parallel vertical plane containing the axis of the wirethat is to say, if the forward extension 29 of cross-heads 24 is made longer or shorter the length of the tile is correspondingly modified. As upper strikes 9 raisethe latches and free the wings 33 and 43, which spring open out of the Way of the fiow, cam 66 on shaft 19 throws belt-shifter 69 and belt 70, starting gear G3 and withdrawing core 3 with the separated tile upon it. The withdrawal continues until the tile is brought between the die-plates, at which time the blank portion of gear 63 is reached and the core halts temporarily. Simultaneously the toothed part of the partial miter-gear S2 engages the miter-gear 83 and causes the ornamenting devices to pass through their cycle of operations. After being stamped the tile again partakes of the withdrawal movement of core 3 in the same direction as before until it encounters the nearest core-guide 4, by which it is caused to slip olf the end of core 3 and is deposited upon sliding table 114, suitably placed to receive it and from which it may be conveniently removed by hand or mechanically. Belt 70 is still upon the middle Xed pulley 72; but when the core has reached the limit of its withdrawal movement the cam 64: reaches the pivoted lever 77 and operates belt-shifter 79, throwing belt 8O upon the middle or fixed pulley, displacing belt 70, reversing gear 63, and returning core 3 to the discharge-mouth 2, upon approaching which it enters the portion of the hollow plastic tube that by reason of its continuous flow now projects more or less beyond the outlet, but is sti enough,partly from its hollow pipe form, to stand straight out and receive the entering core. When the wings are again closed, (see Fig. 11,) which occurs during the Withdrawal of the core 3, as gear 63, revolving, brings pin G2 in contact withbell-crank lever 60 the corresponding recess 115 in the meeting ends of the wings form together a rectangular opening, allowing the core to pass.

The preceding description leaves the cutter-wire 112 and cross-heads '7 7 at their lowest positions, and the two cams 42 on shaft 19, acting against the depending portions 40 of cross-heads 24, have returned those crossheads to the right and shifted belt 22, thus taking oif the power andvbringing the crossheads and attachments to rest. As our in- Vention is arranged, shortly after the return of core 3 the plastic How reaches the wings '741,ors

a second time and moves cross-heads 2-1 again, starting the machinery and cutting off another tile, this time by the upward movement of the cutter-wire. The balance of the operation is the same as before.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a tile-machine, the combination of a reciprocating core, a cutter-wire, means for moving said cutter-wire with the plastic flow, a transverse shaft, mechanism driven from the said shaft and adapted to raise and lower the said cutter-wire, gears arranged to move the said core,reversible gear-operating means, attachments revolving with said shaft, devices actuated by said shaft attachments whereby power is thrown on and off said cutter-Wire mechanism and gear-operating means, devices for reversing said gear-operating means, the said gears including an interrupted portion resulting in temporarily halting the core between two periods of rectilinear motion,t-ile-ornamenting contrivances, and mechanism driven by said gear-operating means and constructed' to actuate said contrivances during the halt of the core only.

2. In a tile-machine, the combination of a movable element arranged to receive and support the plastic flow, gears adapt-ed to actuate said movable element, gear-operating means, a cutter-wire, means for lnoving said cutterwire with the plastic ilow,mechanism adapted to raise and lower the said cutter-Wire, devices capable of being closed in the path of the plastic flow, supports for said devices movable in one direction by the flowing plastic, and means for returning said supports in the opposite direction, latches arranged to secure the said devices lin their closed positions, attachments borne by the cutter-wire mechanism adapted to open said latches, closing contrivances arranged to close said devices after the passage of each separate tile, and power-shifting mechanism actuated by IOO IIO

the movements of said movable supports whereby power may be given and taken from said cutter-wire mechanism.

3. In a tile-machine, the combination of a reciprocative core, gears adapted to operate the said core, reversible gear-operating means, a cutter-wire, means for moving said cutterwire with the plastic flow, mechanism adapted to raise and lower the said cutter-wire, wings adapted to be closed in the path of said plastic, supports for said wings movable in one direction by the flowing plastic,and means for returning said supports in the opposite direction, latches arranged to secure the said devices in their closed positions, attachments borne by the cutter-wire mechanism adapted to open said latches, closing contrivances arranged to close said devices after the passage of each separate tile, power-shifting mechanism actuated by the movements of said movable supports whereby power may be given to and taken from said cutter-wire mechanvzo ism, and power-shifting mechanism arranged to reverse the said gear-operating means controlling thereby the reoiprocative movement of the said core.

4. In a tile-machine, the combination of a horizontally-reciprocative core,guides 4 adapt ed to support the core movably, mechanism constructed and arranged to reciprocate the core causing it to halt temporarily between two periods of rectilinear motion, tile-ornamenting contrivances, gearing adapted to opcrate the said tile-ornamenting contrivances during the halt of the said core, the said gearing being driven by the mechanism operating the core, and one of said guides being arranged to slip the tile off said core during its second period of motion.

5. In atile-machine, the combination of the horizontally-moving cross-heads, wings pivotaliy attached to the cross-heads and adapted to be closed in the path of the plastic flow whereby the said cross-heads are moved in one direction, latches adapted to secure the said wings in their closed positions, devices for returning the said cross-heads in the opposite direction, a cutter-wire movable with said cross-heads, mechanism constructed and arranged to raise and lower the said cutter-wire, means actuated by the movements of said cross-heads whereby power can be given and taken from the said cutter-Wire mechanism, and attachments borne by the said mechanism and arranged to open the said latches.

6. In a tile-machine, the combination of the horizontally-moving cross-heads, wings pivotally attached to the cross-heads and adapted to be closed in the path of the plastic iiow whereby the said cross-heads are moved in one direction, latches adapted to Secure the said wings in their closed positions, devices for returning the said horizontallymoving cross-heads in the opposite direction, a cntter-wire, vertically-moving cross-heads, the said cutter-wire having heads engaging the said horizontally moving cross heads and also the said vertically-moving cross-heads, attachments borne by the said verticallymoving cross-heads and arranged to open the said latches, means actuated by the movements of the said horizontally-moving crossheads whereby power can be given and taken from the said vertically-moving cross-heads thereby raising and lowering the said cutter- Wire, and mechanism adapted to open and close the said wings.

7. In a tile-machine, the combination of a reciprocative core, gears adapted to move the said core, reversible gear-operating means, a bell-crank lever, a pin projecting from said gears, a vertical revoluble rod, attachments connecting the said bell-crank lever and vertical rod, a spring arranged to act upon the said rod and normally hold the said bellcrank in the path of said pin, horizontallyf acting cross-heads, vwings pivotally attached to said cross-heads and arranged to be closed in the path of the plastic flow by which said cross heads are moved in one direction, latches adapted to secure the wings in their closed positions, devices for returning the said cross-heads in the opposite direction, a cutter-wire movable with said cross-heads, mechanism constructed and arranged to raise and 'lowerthe cutter-wire and to open said latches,

devices interposed between said vertical rod and said wings whereby said wings are thrownl open by the said spring and closed by movement of the said bell-'crank against the force of the spring.

8. In a tile-machine, the combination of the horizontally-acting cross-heads having forward-projecting portions provided with horizontal slots, wings pivotally attached to said projecting portions, arcs having one end secured to said wings, the opposite ends of the arcs passing through said slots, the said arcs having latching-recesses, and latches pivoted to the said projecting portions of the crossheads and adapted to engage said latching-recesses in the arcs.

9. In a tile-machine, the combination of a reciprocative core, gears arranged to operate the core, reversible gear operating means, horizontally-moving cross-heads, wings pivotally attached to said cross-heads and adapted to be closed in the path of the plastic dow, said wings having an interval between them when closed permitting the passage of said core, spring operated devices adapted to throw the said wings open, closing contrivances constructed and arranged to close the said wings against the force of the spring, latches arranged to secure the said wings in their closed positions, a cutter-wire having beads engaging said cross-heads and movable with them, and mechanism set in motion by said cross-heads and adapted to raise and lower the said cutter-wire and to open the said latches.

l0. In a tile-machine,the combination of a reciprocative core, gears arranged to operate the core, reversible gear-operating means, horizontally-moving cross-heads, Win gs pivotally attached to said cross-heads and adapted to be closed'in the path of the plastic How, said wings having an interval between them when closed permitting the passage of said core, means for opening said wings for the passage Eis,

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of a tile and for closing them behind the tile, Y,

latches adapted to hold the said wings temporarily closed in the path of the tile causing the said cross-heads to be moved by the tile in one direction, and attachments arranged to move the said cross-heads in the opposite ter-Wire and to open said latches, power-shitt-4 ing contrivances arranged to apply power to said gear-operating means, and attachments whereby the said-power-shifting contrivances are actuated when the said cutter Wire reaches its lowest point and again at its highest point.

1l. In a tile-machine, the combination with a reciprocating core to receive the expressed plastic, of a cutter-Wire, means engaging the cutter-wire and adapted to be moved in one horizontal direction by the plastic and at the same speed, devices Wherebysaid means and cutter-wire are returned in the opposite direction, mechanism constructed and arranged to operate said core and said devices, and contrivances adapted to move said cutter-wire up and down during its said horizontal travel thereby dividing the plastic perpendicular to its exterior surfaces.

12. In a tile-machine, the combination with a reciprocating core to receive the expressed plastic, of a cutter-Wire, means engaging the cutter-Wire and adapted to be moved in one horizontal direction by the plastic and at the same speed, devices whereby said means and ter-Wire-moving contrivances, and power-y shfting appliances actuated by said contrivances and adapted to energize the said coreoperating mechanism, and means for stopping said mechanism.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two Witnesses.

WILLIAM A. STROUSS. SHERMAN S. LAWSON.

Witnesses:

ELIZABETH H. LAWSON, JAMES A. GIBSON. 

